Congrats on the recovery!
As for your questions:
- What workout routines would you recommend?
Rippetoe's Starting Strength
- What supplements (both pre and post workout) would you recommend?
Protein, but really you just gotta eat, and eat lots.
- What nutrition staples do you think I should be focusing on?
Eat eat eat
Any special notes, things to watch out for, further advice, etc.?
Eat + Rest, make sure you get enough of both and train hard.
http://startingstrength.com/
http://startingstrength.wikia.com/wi..._Strength_Wiki